Let’s Talk about Jharkhand General Knowledge. Jharkhand was established on 15th November, 2000. It was the bifurcated part of Bihar. It lies in eastern India, where the northern side is covered by Bihar, north west side is occupied by Uttar Pradesh, the western region is bordered by Chhattisgarh, south region is the Odisha state while the eastern side is covered by West Bengal. The state is known for rich forests and hills along with all the natural resources.
1. Capital and Important Cities
Ranchi is the state capital of Jharkhand and a center of politics and administration. Important cities in the state are:
Jamshedpur: Known for Tata Steel and one of the first planned industrial cities in India.
Dhanbad: Famous for its coal mines and mining industries.
Bokaro: An important center of steel production, home to Bokaro Steel Plant.
2. Administration and Districts
Jharkhand is divided into 24 districts, each with its own administrative divisions. These districts are:
- Ranchi (Capital)
- Bokaro
- Dhanbad
- East Singhbhum
- West Singhbhum
- Deoghar
- Dumka
- Giridih
- Godda
- Hazaribagh
- Jamtara
- Khunti
- Koderma
- Latehar
- Lohardaga
- Pakur
- Palamu
- Ramgarh
- Sahebganj
- Saraikela Kharsawan
- Simdega
- Chatra
- Garhwa
- Gumla
3. Natural Resources
Jharkhand is that state which is abundant in mineral resources. It is said to be the Mineral State of India. There is more or less 40% mineral wealth in this state. The main minerals are coal, iron ore, copper, bauxite, and uranium.
Coal: The biggest coal mines of India are located at Dhanbad and Bokaro in Jharkhand.
Iron Ore and Steel: Jamshedpur has emerged to be an industrial steel town.
Uranium: The uranium reserve is quite high, especially in Jaduguda, where uranium has provided fuel for India’s nuclear energy programme.
4. Tribal Culture
The state of Jharkhand abounds with the tribal population. Some of the notable tribes are :
Santhal: One of the largest tribes of the state which has a language and customs of its own.
Munda: Strong cultural heritage coupled with strong hold on the nature.
Oraon: One of the two dominant tribes that sustained its land farm culture along with keeping its ethnicity alive. Tribal festivals like Sarhul and Karma, folk music and dance forms are extremely popular with them.
5. Economy
The economy of the state is mainly dependent on mining, industry, and agriculture.
Mining: The state is a large contributor to the coal and iron production of India. Dhanbad is a city that produces coal and steel. Bokaro is an important steel-producing town of India.
Industry: Jamshedpur is popularly known for the steel industry, Tata Steel being the largest employer.
Agriculture: While an important component of the state economy, the crops mostly harvested are rice, wheat, and pulses. However, large parts of it are hilly and thus not potential for massive cultivation.
6. Education
Jharkhand is quite affluent in terms of educational institutions like:
Indian School of Mines (IIT Dhanbad): It has announced great emphasis on engineering and mining.
Birla Institute of Technology (BIT Mesra): It has emerged as a premier institute for training in engineering and sciences.
Ranchi University: A highly renowned university offering undergrad and postgraduate courses in a wide variety.
7. Tourism
Natural and cultural tourist attractions in Jharkhand are available in multiple number.
Hundru Falls: Scenic waterfalls near Ranchi for nature lovers.
Betla National Park: Sanctuary for the safety of wild animals with high biodiversity like elephants, tigers, and leopards.
Netarhat: Hill station in Jharkhand known as the ‘Queen of Chotanagpur’.
Baidyanath Temple: Situated at Deoghar, this is one of the 12 Jyotirlingas of Lord Shiva and an important pilgrimage center.
8. Language and Culture
Languages Spoken: The official language is Hindi, but tribal languages such as Santhali, Mundari, and Ho are prevalent among the locals. English is used for official purposes.
Festivals: Sarhul, Karma, and Sohrai are the important tribal festivals. The non-tribal people celebrate lots of festivals like Holi, Diwali, and Durga Puja also.
9. Government and Administration
The government of Jharkhand is parliamentary. It has a Governor as the state head and a Chief Minister as the head of the government. The state has a Legislative Assembly, popularly called Vidhan Sabha, which comprises 81 members. Jharkhand contributes 14 members to the Lok Sabha and 6 members to the Rajya Sabha.
10. Famous Personalities
Jharkhand has produced many personalities who are famous in their own right such as:
Mahendra Singh Dhoni: Former Indian cricket team captain, born in Ranchi.
Jaipal Singh Munda: The first leader among the Adivasi people and also the captain of Indian hockey in the Olympics held in 1928.
Ram Dayal Munda: An important scholar, writer, and leader to work for the welfare of tribal community people.
Jharkhand is a land of high cultural diversity with a lot of mineral resources and vibrant tribal traditions. Economic part is dominated mainly by mining and industry; it is preserved as culture by the variety of festivals and languages. Industrial significance coupled with scenic beauty makes this state an integral part of the social and economic fabric of India.
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